Children Stay at Home for Entertainment Essay Example for Free

Windows vs. Linux Pros and Cons

Unix VS. Windows Security Windows: Pros: File authorizations (UAC) User account controls Antivirus to aid the halting of malware Supports numerous organizations related software’s and is utilized overall Cons: Infected record File consents are helpless Antivirus is continually required just as refreshed definitions databases Most infections focus on the windows OS since it is the most across the board OS on the planet. Infections can be changed and conceal themselves from antiviruses. Web application vulnerabilities Security and Reliability, it has been demonstrated that information misfortune has happened for the most part in windows based working framework situations instead of restricted to UNIX/LINUX based conditions. Unix/Linux: Pros: Stability and Reliability are HIGHLY evaluated for this OS File get to authorizations Linux = open source and can be adjusted just as you would prefer All help daemons can be begun and halted by means of a terminal/slam shell scripting. Security instruments are normally free and simple to download/refresh and keep up. Infections and worms are more averse to be coded/organized for the Unix OS because of the reality it makes for an all the more provoking condition to hack, and it isn't as boundless as windows is so why sit around idly endeavoring to hack under 5% of the earth’s populace of individuals when you could essentially code an infection for windows which is utilized more. Cons: Web application vulnerabilities Can have a few similarity issues for running certain product Large Learning bend whenever learned at a more seasoned age Ease of utilization can be a torment considering everything is performed from a shell.

Boosting your Productivity with this Golden Morning Routine

Boosting your Productivity with this Golden Morning Routine Starting a business and managing it is a gratifying career choice. However, it is an extremely time-consuming and demanding process at the same time. As it is easy to get lost in everything that needs to be done and the hours seem to fly by too fast, a proper structure is essential for keeping a clear (and healthy) head. Many things influence the quantity and quality of results.However, proper building blocks always bring forward a stable and fruitful construction. As an entrepreneur, you are the building block and should thus start looking for answers primarily in yourself. One of the things that will certainly arise is the influence your lifestyle has on your business.You do not have to change your whole life in order for your business to work. Balancing different segments is something humans are actually very good at (even though it sometimes does not seem like it). A well structured morning routine can do a great lot in reference to what an entrepreneur needs â€" optimal producti vity and even more than that â€" it allows you to (at least sometimes) actually have a life aside from your business. © Shutterstock.com | gpointstudioIn the following article we will present the factual background of the benefits of an early morning routine (for productivity reasons) and the guidelines for its practical implementation through four sections: 1) Circadian Rhythm and Productivity, 2) The Early Start, 3) Routine â€" Why Does it Boost Productivity, 4) A Golden Morning Routine.CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND PRODUCTIVITYCircadian rhythm (lat. circa dies approximately (a) day’) is the totality of processes that oscillate in the approximate time frame of 24 hours. It is a self-sustained and entrained (adjusted to the entity) biological activity in animals, plants and humans influenced by external elements of light and temperature (and in smaller amounts eating/drinking, exercise, social interaction and other). The circadian rhythm allows living beings to adapt to Earths 24-hour and 12-month cycles.All people notice the variations of their energy levels throughout the day without actually question ing what it is that makes them ready for a take at Mt. Everest in one moment and the inability to move five meters without a considerable effort in the next (whether physically or psychologically). The answer is â€" the circadian rhythm (in a prevailing number of cases). Moreover, this biological process is most noticeably represented in the differentiation between morning and evening types of people.The given circadian rhythm changes during the course of a lifetime â€" children are mostly morning types, adolescents transfer to evening types, adults and seniors change back to morning types. However, in practice, every individual builds up their rhythm through their lifestyle choices, regardless of the above-stated age-related differences.Influences on ProductivityFollowing the natural circadian rhythm ensures timely usage of high energy levels in order to optimize your productivity.The quantity of productivity one can obtain during 24 hours depends on the elements that influence cir cadian rhythm (these elements are called zeitgebers). Of course, productivity levels are also related to the psychological state of the individual (whether overall or in reference to a particular assignment).However, human mind and body generally reach peaks of energy and focus in certain parts of the day â€" high points are around noon and 6 pm. The lowest energy point is proven to be around 3 am. From there the energy levels slowly build up over the course of the morning and reach its peak at noon. This is followed by a decrease in the interval between 1 pm and 4 pm. At this point, the levels rise again peaking at 6 pm and continue to deteriorate towards the lowest point (again, around 3 am).Morning vs. EveningIn addition to (and in correlation with) the oscillation of energy levels, humans are substantially influenced by the exchange of light and dark cycles. This causes different characteristics of morning and evening productivity. The settings upon which our systems work respon d to the light and dark cycles even on a cellular basis.All these elements should be taken into consideration in relation to productivity. It is simply logical that, in order to use our brains highest capacities, we should follow our time clock. This means that waking up early synchronizes our assignments with the building up of our energy and focus. However, this does not mean that evening types are not able to be productive. Research shows that, due to various zeitgebers, evenings can be an excellent platform for creativity â€" due to the lower focus levels, the mind is less attached to structures and can wander off into imagination. The different opportunities are just one other proof of the beautiful balance humans are made in.Can we Change our Circadian Rhythm?Most definitely! Although the process of adaptation to a different circadian rhythm takes some time, it is a time well used for our productivity, and, more importantly, for our health. Following our given inner clock is not an army-structured process, it is living up to our potentials (and actually making things easier).In order to change ones circadian rhythm, it is necessary to gradually and simultaneously move the hour of waking and going to sleep backward. It is as simple as that. Ideally, this would come to a 6 am or 7 am waking point. Most people need six or seven hours of sleep to function properly (kudos to those who need less); therefore, going to bed should not be later than midnight (preferentially around 11 pm).THE EARLY STARTGetting an early start can be a detrimental productivity factor in matters of quantity as well as quality of the work which is being done. Upon waking up one should tend to smaller assignments and gradually, as the focus rises, attend to the most significant and complex parts of work that needs to be done on a particular day. According to our circadian rhythms this type of work should be done somewhere between 11 am and 1 pm. This way one can complete a substantial amount of demanding tasks relatively early in the day, while simultaneously having enough time left to attend other assignments (without the major issues hanging over ones head), rest and even have some leisure time.It is no wonder that people who wake up later have a feeling that half of their day is gone (in matters of optimal productivity it actually has) and accumulate stress over work that has to be done (and their productivity levels are starting to decrease immediately upon waking up). A continuous repetition of such behavior leads not only to smaller success rate but also to health deterioration.Is an Early Start Important for Entrepreneurs?In addition to the overall perks stated above, most entrepreneurs virtually cannot run a successful business as night owls. Majority of the business world operates on a 9 to 5 schedule. While the creative parts of entrepreneurship can be constructed anytime, managing a business must be synchronized with certain time intervals. Most commu nication and transactions must be attended somewhere in the course of the work day. It is crucial to coordinate assignments timely in order to maximize productivity. Ways in which this can be achieved will be discussed in the following sections of the article.ROUTINE â€" WHY DOES IT BOOST PRODUCTIVITY?There is a major difference between a rut and a routine. A rut emerges as a result of continuous repetition of unproductive elements in ones life. It leads to apathy and lack of interest (sometimes even to depression). It is a mainly passive approach to (and perception of) life and is consisted out of maintaining a status quo which does not provide any sense of accomplishment or change (and these two factors are essential for growth and development which are necessary for leading a quality life). Ruts are something every person should fundamentally avoid (entrepreneurs even more so).A routine, on the other hand, is a qualitative process one can incorporate to his/her life in order to b oost productivity and balance out the diverse factors which constitute everyday life. It consists of repetition of a sort. However, this repetition is flexible and carefully constructed so as to improve abilities of dealing with obligations. Moreover, routines serve more as a helpful attachment not a guiding principle.Routines as a Factor of Productivity OptimizationAccording to a number of studies, well structured routines balance human willpower in an effort to reach highest productivity levels. It is clear that one cannot be at the peak of productivity all day long. However, routines can induce optimal productivity throughout the day because they target maintenance of self-control and focus.Regardless of the given energy levels caused by our circadian rhythm (that is, our lifestyle), willpower is a major element which determines productivity. As we wake up, our willpower to work and accomplish things is extremely high. This has beneficial effects on the quality and quantity of ou r focus and self-control allowing us to tackle obligations optimally. However, as the day proceeds, the willpower begins to diminish â€" because it is being used. There is almost nothing more difficult than to make oneself do something one does not feel like doing.However, routines tend to help maintain sufficient levels of willpower (consequently, they are beneficial for productivity). They provide a structure within which assignments and obligations are attended. They work as a psychological system of recognition which emerges from and is controlled by the individual. Stability arises from arranging the ‘what I need’ and ‘what I must’ properly. This means that routines usually embody and balance various elements in order to achieve an appropriate level of contentment necessary for adequate work ethic (hereby we are addressing the work ethic induced from the individual â€" not by implementation of external authority).A GOLDEN MORNING ROUTINEIn this section we are going to a ddress the practical employment of all of the information we have presented above. As it is with all things, knowledge is useless if it is not applied in some way. Therefore, we will begin with a few tips on how to create a productive environment (as this is also important in relation to our quest) and proceed to the construction of a Golden Routine which will skyrocket your productivity!Productive EnvironmentFactors which must be taken into consideration when creating a productive environment are basically the same for most people. Firstly, one must bear in mind that interruptions are one of the biggest enemies to concentration. If it is possible in any way, your workplace should be secluded (but not isolated) and proactive. This applies especially for those who work at home â€" other members of the household must be aware that work hours are work hours.Further on, the workplace must have a substantial amount of light as it ensures attention and concentration. Ideally, the light sh ould be natural. However, if artificial lights are necessary, it is important to make sure their intensity is not too strong or too weak. You do not want to manage yourself (and your employees) as chicks in a chicken factory (constantly kept in an invasive state of alert) or provide an ambiance of a nargile cafe in Istanbul.Additionally, temperature of the workplace should be mild (not too cold or too hot). As every person has different thermal preference, heating or cooling devices can come in handy.Whether you are working alone or with a group of people, try to keep a positive, uplifting, caring attitude (towards yourself and towards others). A good flow of positive energy can do wonders for productivity.The Golden RoutineWhat needs to be reinstated before we proceed to the construction of an early morning routine which will surely boost your productivity is that routines are flexible. People are different and employ a myriad of preferences. These preferences should definitely be incorporated into individual routines. One has to feel comfortable and in sync with oneself with his/her routine because that is the only way optimal productivity can be achieved.However, certain elements should definitely be a part of your routine (because they work!) and here we will present a list of ‘mandatory’ building blocks:Waking up early:  Your alarm should go off from as early as 5:30 and no later than 6:30. It sounds like we are talking about rising with the dawn (actually, we are!). Your body clock is currently in the process of continuous increase, and you should take advantage while you can.Water:  Many early birds accentuate the importance of drinking a larger amount of water upon waking up (somewhere around half a liter of water would be perfect). The water will give your body a kick start and awake the sleepy cells. Moreover, many people forget to drink sufficient amounts of water over the course of the day and this way you can take care of at least a part of it . Mix in some lemon juice if you want â€" it will be a tasty, refreshing and uplifting drink.Coffee/tea +To Do’s/ Low Intensity Work/Assignments:  Prepare a cup of coffee or tea and contemplate your obligations and objectives for the day. Write them down as a rough to do list (it will help stay focused later in the day). Tend to low intensity assignments such as preparation of materials for work, answering and writing e-mails and updating business social networks (if you have them). Finishing these will allow clear concentration while you are attending to the more complex work later in the morning.Activity/Exercise:  Choose some kind of activity or exercise to empty your head and energize your body. It can be 30 minute walk, yoga or a high intensity workout â€" the options are literally endless.Breakfast:  Have a balanced meal before you start to use your grey cells. Whole grain cereals, fruit and yoghurt are an excellent breakfast choices, however, if they do not work for you, op t for something else.Complex Assignments:  Now that you are fed, relaxed and energized, start doing the ‘hard work’. This is the prime time of your concentration and productive capability. Use it well and finish as much as you can before you start feeling your focus and energy decrease.Rest, Low Intensity Assignments, Creative Work:  If you have followed the routine more or less precisely, it is 1 pm and you have done massive amounts of work already (including the most important ones). Bear in mind that some people have yet to wake up. Now you can commit to rest, other assignments (or finishing touches) and creativity without the dark cloud of obligations and stress above your head.Entrepreneurs have a multitude of responsibilities â€" ranging from creativity and management to the overall self-investment into their business and projects. Productivity is a non-negotiable necessity. As we have stated in the article, the circadian rhythm can influence energy levels immensely. On th e other hand, good focus can be instigated and maintained through implementation of a routine. Consequently, a combination of the two can boost productivity significantly. Our Golden Routine guidelines should make a good starting point for maximization of results â€" professional and private likewise.

Descriptive Essay Mud Tortillas - 897 Words

Mud Tortillas Thinking about it now I don’t know if this is a mental image or a picture. I really don’t know. The image is so well known yet so distant. Kinda like it s being erased from my brain. I guess its time doing its thing. I visualize the image in a blurry 480p quality. Taken with an early 2009 camera with a mix of bad lighting. The picture is about me. The boy maybe 4, 5 or even six, stands with his hands loosely fitted over his lap. Two parallel bricks rest on rich earthy brown soil beneath him. He is surrounded by scattered trees which are in need desperate of springs love and nourishment. And right behind him there s a mound of dark logs that have settled into a sadden state. The background that surrounded me all seemed to†¦show more content†¦The courtyard was in itself was an instance in means of contrast. Almost in the same way that a sandy beach contrasts with the deep marine waters. Furthermore, the courtyard had its own identical form of beauty. Just like the sandy beach gleams in the sun. Similarly, the courtyard glistened with the dry dirt that ran onto its shore. The place was far more longer than it was wide. It was almost three or four times longer than it was wide. The wooden logs blocked your view straight on only allowing you to see above them, and directly above where staggering dark evergreen pines, which stood colossal making you feel alien to your own premises. As hard as I can remember the, the backyard had always been the setting of my childhood. I recall the time a pregnant cat moved into the logs and made home. She had a bunch of babies. I can also recall the tree house my dad had built in the middle of the yard and also the pumpkin that naturally sprung to life. This backyard was really something else. One of the most vivid and outstanding memories of my childhood occurred in the backyard. When I was younger, I went to a festival. At this festival, I remember my parents had bought me an orange shiny helium balloon. Within minutes I would have let it go into the vast night,which shined with scattered lights. Only to go home and wake the next day to find it in the crevices of the dam that lay in the backyard. It had run low on helium and had already fallen was just low enough for me to

Early Childhood Teacher And A Psychologist - 1525 Words

Item Title Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Job Description 7-5 2.1. Early Childhood Teacher 4 2.1.1 Tasks 5 2.1.2. Personal Requirements 5 2.1.3. Education and Training 5 2.2. Psychologist 5-7 2.2.1 Tasks 5 2.2.2. Personal Requirements 6 2.2.3. Education and Training 7 3. My Personal Skills, Attributes and Values 7-8 3.1. Skills 7 3.2. Attributes 7 3.3. Values 8 4. Which Job Do I Suit Better? 8 Contents 1. Introduction Two jobs that I have always been extremely interested in include, an early childhood teacher and a psychologist. I believe that one day I will be in one of these two careers. An early childhood teacher, also known as a pre-primary or preschool teacher, work with children aged 0-8 usually. They plan educational activities and programs for young children. As an early childhood teacher you will work in state or territory pre-school centres, early education classes, community kindergartens and community childcare centres. A psychologist studies human behaviour and the processes associated with how people think and feel. They conduct research to provide treatment and/or counselling to their clients (children, adults, couples, families and organisations) to reduce behavioural and psychological problems. There is several types of specialists including: a clinical neuropsychologist, a clinical psychologist, an educational and development psychologist, a forensic psychologist, a health psychologist, an organisational psychologist and a sport and exercise psychologist.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stress On Child Development887 Words   |  4 Pagesfactor for development, but can be offset by various protective factors. In order to best combat the negative effects of stress on child development, it is imperative for early childhood education to intervene when children seem to be at risk for toxic levels of stress. 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Educational Administration and leadership Free Essays

string(60) " fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve\." These are the most salient problems that the superintendent faces in her new job. (i) Complacency This is the general contentment with the state of affairs in the district system. In my opinion this is most salient of the problems since it presents a culture that has taken time to develop. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Administration and leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its effects are that the stakeholders fail to see their vulnerabilities and do not see the need to change. This culture is deeply ingrained in Harmony district such that any effort to bring change will definitely be resisted and this is not something that’s going to be resolved easily. As it is a mind that has learnt to think in a certain pattern will not easily be taught otherwise. The areas of complacency include: Non-compliance with the teaching evaluation program – The school district management team, teachers and parents have gotten used to not complying with these rules and it will take firm action to ensure compliance. (ii) Inequities – racial and poverty segregation This presents a special problem to the improvement of the district school system. This is a major obstacle not just to the school system but to the development of the entire region. The effects segregation are deep rooted and not easily resolved. Segregation is a social evil that requires diligent and patient campaign. It adversely affects the education system because when a school is economically segregated and under funded it affects the spending and consequently the quality of a school. This in turn affects the performance. (iii) Personnel This is a countrywide problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to today’s changing world. They do not prepare their students to be adequately prepared for the challenges of today’s world. The superintendent has to ensure that the state mandate is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However one of the actions will be to ensure that the state mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing role of education in today’s world. iv) Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corruption is that those who practice it will always fight back any efforts to stop them. However this problem is put as the fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve. You read "Educational Administration and leadership" in category "Papers" These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent audit committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no funds are misappropriated. The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that concern the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts. Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the budgeting and appropriation of funds does not lie on an individual/person but on a board to take care of this important responsibility. (v) Lack of support from assistants The 3 associates’ superintendents have openly disclosed their diverted interests. The fact that they didn’t get the coveted position makes them not be the best working mates. Their support willingly given would go a long way in ensuring the success of the changes that need to be made. Without it the superintendent’s job becomes more challenging. (vi) Low level of education among parents Parents who have not attended college are less likely to encourage their children to seek further education in colleges. This has led to the small number of students furthering their education after high school and to some extent the low population of students attending high school in the district. (vii) Indiscipline Scholl indiscipline is reported in the schools closest to the metropolitan centre. This is a thorny issue that needs to be urgently addressed since the potential of disrupting learning and aversely affected performance. Solutions Complacency This problem will take a lot of firmness and strength of will on the part of the superintendent. It is not going to be easy to inspire change to the people especially with the three associate superintendents not promising any support. However it can be done through the following steps: – †¢ Laying down the problem of pointing the vision for the future. †¢ Ensuring proper and effective communication with the stakeholders. This will ensure that people own the process or at least understanding why the changes must be made. †¢ Taking firm action in areas of complacency. Ensure that areas are non-compliance with the state mandate and so forth. Personnel This is a countrywide problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to today’s changing world. They do not prepare their students to be adequately prepared for the challenges of today’s world. The superintendent has to ensure that the state mandate is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However one of the actions will be to ensure that the state mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing role of education in today’s world. Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corruption is that those who practice it will always fight back any efforts to stop them. However this problem is put as the fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve. These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent audit committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no funds are misappropriated. The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that concern the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts. Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the budgeting and appropriation of funds doesn’t lie on an individual/ person but forms are board to take care of this important responsibility. QUESTION 2 (i) One of the first personnel decisions the superintendent will make will be to increase the number of staff at the professional development office. This is from understanding that this office plays a crucial role in the district. It is the office charged with the responsibility of managing the school district’s teacher evaluation system. Currently teacher evaluation has not been happening in accordance to the state mandate. One staff member is not able to accomplish all that needs to be done. This office is also charged with the responsibility of giving assistance and support to new teachers. The fact that this office has not been functional in the last many years has affected the orientation process for the new teachers in the district. Having nowhere to turn to they now seek help from principals and other experienced teachers within their schools. These principals and teachers may be too busy or may not be objective in their giving of assistance. This has led to new teachers not being properly oriented. This will in turn affect their future work. Again this department will make it possible to motivate and boost the morale of the new teachers. (ii) Initiate comprehensive staff development program This program will be designed with the view of training teachers and will incorporate improvement plans. The time for planning will be set out in the program and the teachers being trained will be exempted from their normal responsibilities. The superintendent will recommend to the district board the adoption of performance pay policy for school principals who show remarkable performance. This will serve to encourage principals to spur the teacher within their schools to work even harder with their students so that they may improve their performance. This is in accordance to the human resource concept of giving incentives to outstanding performance in order to motivate them. Question 3. A curriculum philosophy refers to a set of values, beliefs and ideologies that guide educational administrators in the execution of their day to day duties. The numerous challenges facing Harmony District School system calls for a superintendent with a focused mind, one who is able to dissect through the problems of the school system and thereafter offer long lasting solutions to the inequities rampant in the area, the lax educational administrators , the dysfunctional teacher support services as well as the dismal performance of the schools , the increasingly agitated parents, the ignorant the ignorant and unsupportive parents all require a superintendent with a strong philosophy. A strong and reproducible curriculum philosophy is not only a guide to the superintendent but also serves as guidance to the whole district school system in dealing with the existing challenges and issues. The superintendent will have to borrow from similar cases in other systems especially from where they are transferring from. Additionally, the superintendent will rely heavily on the almost 30years field experience to deal with the staff as well as the parent body which clearly are not functioning in a manner likely to yield into a synergetic effect. Performance is the greatest challenge for the incoming superintendent. The statistics clearly point to a scenario whereby only very few students make it to the grade level. A comparative. As the new superintendent, the following curriculum if followed would result in the school system regaining new strengths and therefore uplifting the school performance. By emphasizing on non-compromise to quality, the superintendent will ensure that through better management staff, and especially then 253 veterans will use traditional instructional methods and have gone un-inspected for 5 years are inspected and such incidences do not recur in future. Usually such occurrences are caused by laxity on the part of the associate superintendents as well as the superintendent. If such a problem occurs at the superintendent’s office, this can only mean that matters are worse off in the schools. This has a bearing on the motivation of teachers as well as of the students and therefore performance is affected. Specifically, to bring the poor performing schools in the north area feeder system would simply require; adherence to state mandate on inspection and evaluation, addressing the inequality issues such as resources, enough teachers and enough administrators. Integration as a curriculum philosophy calls for amalgamation of the school system into the needs of the students and parents with an aim of ensuring that the schools provide and impart self sustaining education. By achieving the above, the superintendent is able to save the whole school system. The involvement of the local community in all of the above measures is of core importance in that the community is a big stake holder of the school and therefore all measures must get the approval of the community in the sense that it is the community that naturally should benefit from the school system. Currently that is not the case because the school system has ceased to adhere to state mandate rules and regulations. 4) You are to assume that Harmony School District is in a state with precisely the same laws as yours. You are concerned that the student performance data is evidence of inequities in the system and you are concerned that the school district has become complacent with these inequities. What problems presented in this case are related to issues of power and domination? Harmony school district must be made to deal with the rampant cases of inequities. The worst thing is the fact that this inequities currently happening do happen under the watch of the law enforcers. The superintendent is mandated to oversee the whole school system in the district. The law has to some degree protected the marginalized communities from discrimination and unfair treatment but at the same time it has failed to freely address the problem which studies have shown as a major contributor to poor performance in some schools in the Harmony school district. The above mentioned problems can only be addressed through the implementation of the state laws regarding education and which calls for and guarantees equal opportunities in the school system regardless of ones racial background. Although the law has been in place for decades it is evident that, it has not dealt and addresses the problems conclusively and effectively. Therefore there is a need for a more concerted effort towards the protection of the minority groups especially in the African-American community whose entry to grade – level is pathetic and wanting. The other legislation which needs urgent review is the school administration Act which calls for all education officials to be vigilant in making sure that the laxity observed in the school system for the past 5 years is done away with. Specifically, the following issues need urgent attention from the superintendent; Resource allocation is another issue, the fact that there is only one professional development staff is an indicator of neglected and dysfunctional school system. This can only be referred to as lack o human resource and it is a pointer to inequality in the resource distribution in the Harmony schools districts. The fact that, the schools have not had, their classroom buildings repaired for the past 5 years is a further testimony that the system is fully mismanaged and there is inequity in resource allocation. There is a need for equitable resource allocation from the state education department with an aim of ensuring that all schools no matter their locations or the social class have access to equal and adequate learning facilities including all necessary resources such as teachers, staff and materials. Without equitable resource distribution the pertinent issues of poor performance as well as other challenges facing the school system shall continue to haunt the school system and the superintendent in charge. Therefore the funding of the schools in the country need to be looked at afresh with an aim of helping out places like Harmony schools districts which is facing unprecedented challenges. The numerous sit-ins by parents is something which the superintendent needs to be wary about mainly because the trend may lead to general disturbances in the schools further affecting performance. This becomes a reality due to the fact that, if the parents are taking part in sit-ins or strikes then the children may take after them and the situation may further complicates an already complicated situation. The issue of power and domination is evident in the school system. The fact that, the white students perform better than others from other backgrounds is a pointer of power wars in the schools which may imply a dominance by children from well to do parents. Dominance is also evident in the way the parents who work in the nearby town in professional jobs are more active in the affairs of the school and even have seconded representatives to board meetings. This is an indicator that, the above are advantages as compared to their colleagues who do blue-color jobs who do not actively participate in the day to day running o the schools. Finally this is reflected in the performance of students therefore resulting into inequities. 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Introduction Essays (3116 words) - Isotopes Of Carbon, Radioactivity

Introduction The discipline of archaeology can open up the past to us in a way in which we can enter into a dialogue with our ancestors. There are many ways it can do this: stratigraphic excavation, pottery typology, socio-historic interpretation, etc. However, one thread running through this increasingly focused pursuit is that of dating the physical findings to a particular cultural timeline. This is crucial if we are to know, with as much certainty as is allowed, who we are speaking with. Indeed, dating may be the proverbial thread that holds entire pursuit together, without which the individual pieces of the puzzle might be compared to the children of Israel, who the author of Judges describes as each going off in their own direction. Like the king Judges so wistfully imagines, dating brings cohesiveness and direction to a potentially (or real?) chaotic situation. In this paper I will explore the particulars of radiocarbon dating; from its background and origin, to discussion of samples, method, results, and calibration. Background With the explosions of the first atomic bombs echoing in his thoughts, Willard F. Libby, working with A.V. Grosse, Ernest Anderson, and several students, pioneered the work on a theory that natural C14 not only existed, but that it could also be used as a method for dating certain artifacts of antiquity. Working under the premise of his 1946 paper that suggested C14 might exist in all living organisms, a team including Libby and Grosse collected readings from the Baltimore sewer system. It was discovered that methane collected from these sewers contained radiocarbon activity, whereas methane derived from petroleum did not. These findings gave strength to the theory suggested in his paper, but several years of additional research were needed. After their sewer experiments, global samples of wood were gathered in which the researchers discovered a consistent level of radiocarbon deposits. From that point on, the theory developed until it became widely accepted within the scientific com munity, culminating with Libby's acceptance of the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1960. The Origin of C14 Natural C14 is formed in the upper atmosphere when nitrogen reacts with neutrons. Neutrons are produced by cosmic rays bombarding the earth, and are thus dependent upon the level of cosmic ray bombardment, as well as the earth's natural ability to receive the rays from space. The only known deterrent to cosmic ray absorption is the earth's magnetic field. The stronger it is, the less the cosmic rays reach the earth. Once the C14 is produced, it exists in a very small quantity in carbon dioxide, a product of oxygen and carbon. From here, all living organisms take in C14 by either photosynthesis (plant life) or the food chain (breathing life). Since C14 is radioactive, and therefore destructive to life, it is necessary for all organisms to release C14 at basically the same rate they consume it. Those that do not release radioactive carbon as quickly as they absorb it, it is assumed, would not survive as a species. Consequently, in principle, there exists an equilibrium between the leve ls of C14 in the atmosphere and that which exists in all living organisms. When an organism ceases to live, it ceases also to take in C14, and the rate of release (radioactive decay) can then be measured and compared to values pertaining to the half-life of the isotope. At present, the best estimate for the half life of C14 is 5730! 40 years, thus making it an almost ideal determinant to archaeologists, and in particular archaeologists concerned with excavations in the middle east. Samples Because of the very nature of radiocarbon dating, the ideal sample pool is limited. Preferably the sample is organic in composition, and is free of any contamination, such as exposure to other organic material that would skew the readings. This is particularly important in terms of packing and shipping the sample to a radiocarbon laboratory. Below is a list of some potential samples and concerns for each. Charcoal and Wood are predominant among samples found at archaeological sites. Both are preferred because there is little chance of contamination. However, the possibility of underground water causing a change in C14 saturation needs to be considered with the charcoal. And, while not considered contamination per se, precut growth