Children Stay at Home for Entertainment Essay Example for Free

Windows vs. Linux Pros and Cons

Unix VS. Windows Security Windows: Pros: File authorizations (UAC) User account controls Antivirus to aid the halting of malware Supports numerous organizations related software’s and is utilized overall Cons: Infected record File consents are helpless Antivirus is continually required just as refreshed definitions databases Most infections focus on the windows OS since it is the most across the board OS on the planet. Infections can be changed and conceal themselves from antiviruses. Web application vulnerabilities Security and Reliability, it has been demonstrated that information misfortune has happened for the most part in windows based working framework situations instead of restricted to UNIX/LINUX based conditions. Unix/Linux: Pros: Stability and Reliability are HIGHLY evaluated for this OS File get to authorizations Linux = open source and can be adjusted just as you would prefer All help daemons can be begun and halted by means of a terminal/slam shell scripting. Security instruments are normally free and simple to download/refresh and keep up. Infections and worms are more averse to be coded/organized for the Unix OS because of the reality it makes for an all the more provoking condition to hack, and it isn't as boundless as windows is so why sit around idly endeavoring to hack under 5% of the earth’s populace of individuals when you could essentially code an infection for windows which is utilized more. Cons: Web application vulnerabilities Can have a few similarity issues for running certain product Large Learning bend whenever learned at a more seasoned age Ease of utilization can be a torment considering everything is performed from a shell.

Boosting your Productivity with this Golden Morning Routine

Boosting your Productivity with this Golden Morning Routine Starting a business and managing it is a gratifying career choice. However, it is an extremely time-consuming and demanding process at the same time. As it is easy to get lost in everything that needs to be done and the hours seem to fly by too fast, a proper structure is essential for keeping a clear (and healthy) head. Many things influence the quantity and quality of results.However, proper building blocks always bring forward a stable and fruitful construction. As an entrepreneur, you are the building block and should thus start looking for answers primarily in yourself. One of the things that will certainly arise is the influence your lifestyle has on your business.You do not have to change your whole life in order for your business to work. Balancing different segments is something humans are actually very good at (even though it sometimes does not seem like it). A well structured morning routine can do a great lot in reference to what an entrepreneur needs â€" optimal producti vity and even more than that â€" it allows you to (at least sometimes) actually have a life aside from your business. © Shutterstock.com | gpointstudioIn the following article we will present the factual background of the benefits of an early morning routine (for productivity reasons) and the guidelines for its practical implementation through four sections: 1) Circadian Rhythm and Productivity, 2) The Early Start, 3) Routine â€" Why Does it Boost Productivity, 4) A Golden Morning Routine.CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND PRODUCTIVITYCircadian rhythm (lat. circa dies approximately (a) day’) is the totality of processes that oscillate in the approximate time frame of 24 hours. It is a self-sustained and entrained (adjusted to the entity) biological activity in animals, plants and humans influenced by external elements of light and temperature (and in smaller amounts eating/drinking, exercise, social interaction and other). The circadian rhythm allows living beings to adapt to Earths 24-hour and 12-month cycles.All people notice the variations of their energy levels throughout the day without actually question ing what it is that makes them ready for a take at Mt. Everest in one moment and the inability to move five meters without a considerable effort in the next (whether physically or psychologically). The answer is â€" the circadian rhythm (in a prevailing number of cases). Moreover, this biological process is most noticeably represented in the differentiation between morning and evening types of people.The given circadian rhythm changes during the course of a lifetime â€" children are mostly morning types, adolescents transfer to evening types, adults and seniors change back to morning types. However, in practice, every individual builds up their rhythm through their lifestyle choices, regardless of the above-stated age-related differences.Influences on ProductivityFollowing the natural circadian rhythm ensures timely usage of high energy levels in order to optimize your productivity.The quantity of productivity one can obtain during 24 hours depends on the elements that influence cir cadian rhythm (these elements are called zeitgebers). Of course, productivity levels are also related to the psychological state of the individual (whether overall or in reference to a particular assignment).However, human mind and body generally reach peaks of energy and focus in certain parts of the day â€" high points are around noon and 6 pm. The lowest energy point is proven to be around 3 am. From there the energy levels slowly build up over the course of the morning and reach its peak at noon. This is followed by a decrease in the interval between 1 pm and 4 pm. At this point, the levels rise again peaking at 6 pm and continue to deteriorate towards the lowest point (again, around 3 am).Morning vs. EveningIn addition to (and in correlation with) the oscillation of energy levels, humans are substantially influenced by the exchange of light and dark cycles. This causes different characteristics of morning and evening productivity. The settings upon which our systems work respon d to the light and dark cycles even on a cellular basis.All these elements should be taken into consideration in relation to productivity. It is simply logical that, in order to use our brains highest capacities, we should follow our time clock. This means that waking up early synchronizes our assignments with the building up of our energy and focus. However, this does not mean that evening types are not able to be productive. Research shows that, due to various zeitgebers, evenings can be an excellent platform for creativity â€" due to the lower focus levels, the mind is less attached to structures and can wander off into imagination. The different opportunities are just one other proof of the beautiful balance humans are made in.Can we Change our Circadian Rhythm?Most definitely! Although the process of adaptation to a different circadian rhythm takes some time, it is a time well used for our productivity, and, more importantly, for our health. Following our given inner clock is not an army-structured process, it is living up to our potentials (and actually making things easier).In order to change ones circadian rhythm, it is necessary to gradually and simultaneously move the hour of waking and going to sleep backward. It is as simple as that. Ideally, this would come to a 6 am or 7 am waking point. Most people need six or seven hours of sleep to function properly (kudos to those who need less); therefore, going to bed should not be later than midnight (preferentially around 11 pm).THE EARLY STARTGetting an early start can be a detrimental productivity factor in matters of quantity as well as quality of the work which is being done. Upon waking up one should tend to smaller assignments and gradually, as the focus rises, attend to the most significant and complex parts of work that needs to be done on a particular day. According to our circadian rhythms this type of work should be done somewhere between 11 am and 1 pm. This way one can complete a substantial amount of demanding tasks relatively early in the day, while simultaneously having enough time left to attend other assignments (without the major issues hanging over ones head), rest and even have some leisure time.It is no wonder that people who wake up later have a feeling that half of their day is gone (in matters of optimal productivity it actually has) and accumulate stress over work that has to be done (and their productivity levels are starting to decrease immediately upon waking up). A continuous repetition of such behavior leads not only to smaller success rate but also to health deterioration.Is an Early Start Important for Entrepreneurs?In addition to the overall perks stated above, most entrepreneurs virtually cannot run a successful business as night owls. Majority of the business world operates on a 9 to 5 schedule. While the creative parts of entrepreneurship can be constructed anytime, managing a business must be synchronized with certain time intervals. Most commu nication and transactions must be attended somewhere in the course of the work day. It is crucial to coordinate assignments timely in order to maximize productivity. Ways in which this can be achieved will be discussed in the following sections of the article.ROUTINE â€" WHY DOES IT BOOST PRODUCTIVITY?There is a major difference between a rut and a routine. A rut emerges as a result of continuous repetition of unproductive elements in ones life. It leads to apathy and lack of interest (sometimes even to depression). It is a mainly passive approach to (and perception of) life and is consisted out of maintaining a status quo which does not provide any sense of accomplishment or change (and these two factors are essential for growth and development which are necessary for leading a quality life). Ruts are something every person should fundamentally avoid (entrepreneurs even more so).A routine, on the other hand, is a qualitative process one can incorporate to his/her life in order to b oost productivity and balance out the diverse factors which constitute everyday life. It consists of repetition of a sort. However, this repetition is flexible and carefully constructed so as to improve abilities of dealing with obligations. Moreover, routines serve more as a helpful attachment not a guiding principle.Routines as a Factor of Productivity OptimizationAccording to a number of studies, well structured routines balance human willpower in an effort to reach highest productivity levels. It is clear that one cannot be at the peak of productivity all day long. However, routines can induce optimal productivity throughout the day because they target maintenance of self-control and focus.Regardless of the given energy levels caused by our circadian rhythm (that is, our lifestyle), willpower is a major element which determines productivity. As we wake up, our willpower to work and accomplish things is extremely high. This has beneficial effects on the quality and quantity of ou r focus and self-control allowing us to tackle obligations optimally. However, as the day proceeds, the willpower begins to diminish â€" because it is being used. There is almost nothing more difficult than to make oneself do something one does not feel like doing.However, routines tend to help maintain sufficient levels of willpower (consequently, they are beneficial for productivity). They provide a structure within which assignments and obligations are attended. They work as a psychological system of recognition which emerges from and is controlled by the individual. Stability arises from arranging the ‘what I need’ and ‘what I must’ properly. This means that routines usually embody and balance various elements in order to achieve an appropriate level of contentment necessary for adequate work ethic (hereby we are addressing the work ethic induced from the individual â€" not by implementation of external authority).A GOLDEN MORNING ROUTINEIn this section we are going to a ddress the practical employment of all of the information we have presented above. As it is with all things, knowledge is useless if it is not applied in some way. Therefore, we will begin with a few tips on how to create a productive environment (as this is also important in relation to our quest) and proceed to the construction of a Golden Routine which will skyrocket your productivity!Productive EnvironmentFactors which must be taken into consideration when creating a productive environment are basically the same for most people. Firstly, one must bear in mind that interruptions are one of the biggest enemies to concentration. If it is possible in any way, your workplace should be secluded (but not isolated) and proactive. This applies especially for those who work at home â€" other members of the household must be aware that work hours are work hours.Further on, the workplace must have a substantial amount of light as it ensures attention and concentration. Ideally, the light sh ould be natural. However, if artificial lights are necessary, it is important to make sure their intensity is not too strong or too weak. You do not want to manage yourself (and your employees) as chicks in a chicken factory (constantly kept in an invasive state of alert) or provide an ambiance of a nargile cafe in Istanbul.Additionally, temperature of the workplace should be mild (not too cold or too hot). As every person has different thermal preference, heating or cooling devices can come in handy.Whether you are working alone or with a group of people, try to keep a positive, uplifting, caring attitude (towards yourself and towards others). A good flow of positive energy can do wonders for productivity.The Golden RoutineWhat needs to be reinstated before we proceed to the construction of an early morning routine which will surely boost your productivity is that routines are flexible. People are different and employ a myriad of preferences. These preferences should definitely be incorporated into individual routines. One has to feel comfortable and in sync with oneself with his/her routine because that is the only way optimal productivity can be achieved.However, certain elements should definitely be a part of your routine (because they work!) and here we will present a list of ‘mandatory’ building blocks:Waking up early:  Your alarm should go off from as early as 5:30 and no later than 6:30. It sounds like we are talking about rising with the dawn (actually, we are!). Your body clock is currently in the process of continuous increase, and you should take advantage while you can.Water:  Many early birds accentuate the importance of drinking a larger amount of water upon waking up (somewhere around half a liter of water would be perfect). The water will give your body a kick start and awake the sleepy cells. Moreover, many people forget to drink sufficient amounts of water over the course of the day and this way you can take care of at least a part of it . Mix in some lemon juice if you want â€" it will be a tasty, refreshing and uplifting drink.Coffee/tea +To Do’s/ Low Intensity Work/Assignments:  Prepare a cup of coffee or tea and contemplate your obligations and objectives for the day. Write them down as a rough to do list (it will help stay focused later in the day). Tend to low intensity assignments such as preparation of materials for work, answering and writing e-mails and updating business social networks (if you have them). Finishing these will allow clear concentration while you are attending to the more complex work later in the morning.Activity/Exercise:  Choose some kind of activity or exercise to empty your head and energize your body. It can be 30 minute walk, yoga or a high intensity workout â€" the options are literally endless.Breakfast:  Have a balanced meal before you start to use your grey cells. Whole grain cereals, fruit and yoghurt are an excellent breakfast choices, however, if they do not work for you, op t for something else.Complex Assignments:  Now that you are fed, relaxed and energized, start doing the ‘hard work’. This is the prime time of your concentration and productive capability. Use it well and finish as much as you can before you start feeling your focus and energy decrease.Rest, Low Intensity Assignments, Creative Work:  If you have followed the routine more or less precisely, it is 1 pm and you have done massive amounts of work already (including the most important ones). Bear in mind that some people have yet to wake up. Now you can commit to rest, other assignments (or finishing touches) and creativity without the dark cloud of obligations and stress above your head.Entrepreneurs have a multitude of responsibilities â€" ranging from creativity and management to the overall self-investment into their business and projects. Productivity is a non-negotiable necessity. As we have stated in the article, the circadian rhythm can influence energy levels immensely. On th e other hand, good focus can be instigated and maintained through implementation of a routine. Consequently, a combination of the two can boost productivity significantly. Our Golden Routine guidelines should make a good starting point for maximization of results â€" professional and private likewise.

Descriptive Essay Mud Tortillas - 897 Words

Mud Tortillas Thinking about it now I don’t know if this is a mental image or a picture. I really don’t know. The image is so well known yet so distant. Kinda like it s being erased from my brain. I guess its time doing its thing. I visualize the image in a blurry 480p quality. Taken with an early 2009 camera with a mix of bad lighting. The picture is about me. The boy maybe 4, 5 or even six, stands with his hands loosely fitted over his lap. Two parallel bricks rest on rich earthy brown soil beneath him. He is surrounded by scattered trees which are in need desperate of springs love and nourishment. And right behind him there s a mound of dark logs that have settled into a sadden state. The background that surrounded me all seemed to†¦show more content†¦The courtyard was in itself was an instance in means of contrast. Almost in the same way that a sandy beach contrasts with the deep marine waters. Furthermore, the courtyard had its own identical form of beauty. Just like the sandy beach gleams in the sun. Similarly, the courtyard glistened with the dry dirt that ran onto its shore. The place was far more longer than it was wide. It was almost three or four times longer than it was wide. The wooden logs blocked your view straight on only allowing you to see above them, and directly above where staggering dark evergreen pines, which stood colossal making you feel alien to your own premises. As hard as I can remember the, the backyard had always been the setting of my childhood. I recall the time a pregnant cat moved into the logs and made home. She had a bunch of babies. I can also recall the tree house my dad had built in the middle of the yard and also the pumpkin that naturally sprung to life. This backyard was really something else. One of the most vivid and outstanding memories of my childhood occurred in the backyard. When I was younger, I went to a festival. At this festival, I remember my parents had bought me an orange shiny helium balloon. Within minutes I would have let it go into the vast night,which shined with scattered lights. Only to go home and wake the next day to find it in the crevices of the dam that lay in the backyard. It had run low on helium and had already fallen was just low enough for me to

Early Childhood Teacher And A Psychologist - 1525 Words

Item Title Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Job Description 7-5 2.1. Early Childhood Teacher 4 2.1.1 Tasks 5 2.1.2. Personal Requirements 5 2.1.3. Education and Training 5 2.2. Psychologist 5-7 2.2.1 Tasks 5 2.2.2. Personal Requirements 6 2.2.3. Education and Training 7 3. My Personal Skills, Attributes and Values 7-8 3.1. Skills 7 3.2. Attributes 7 3.3. Values 8 4. Which Job Do I Suit Better? 8 Contents 1. Introduction Two jobs that I have always been extremely interested in include, an early childhood teacher and a psychologist. I believe that one day I will be in one of these two careers. An early childhood teacher, also known as a pre-primary or preschool teacher, work with children aged 0-8 usually. They plan educational activities and programs for young children. As an early childhood teacher you will work in state or territory pre-school centres, early education classes, community kindergartens and community childcare centres. A psychologist studies human behaviour and the processes associated with how people think and feel. They conduct research to provide treatment and/or counselling to their clients (children, adults, couples, families and organisations) to reduce behavioural and psychological problems. There is several types of specialists including: a clinical neuropsychologist, a clinical psychologist, an educational and development psychologist, a forensic psychologist, a health psychologist, an organisational psychologist and a sport and exercise psychologist.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stress On Child Development887 Words   |  4 Pagesfactor for development, but can be offset by various protective factors. In order to best combat the negative effects of stress on child development, it is imperative for early childhood education to intervene when children seem to be at risk for toxic levels of stress. 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Educational Administration and leadership Free Essays

string(60) " fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve\." These are the most salient problems that the superintendent faces in her new job. (i) Complacency This is the general contentment with the state of affairs in the district system. In my opinion this is most salient of the problems since it presents a culture that has taken time to develop. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Administration and leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its effects are that the stakeholders fail to see their vulnerabilities and do not see the need to change. This culture is deeply ingrained in Harmony district such that any effort to bring change will definitely be resisted and this is not something that’s going to be resolved easily. As it is a mind that has learnt to think in a certain pattern will not easily be taught otherwise. The areas of complacency include: Non-compliance with the teaching evaluation program – The school district management team, teachers and parents have gotten used to not complying with these rules and it will take firm action to ensure compliance. (ii) Inequities – racial and poverty segregation This presents a special problem to the improvement of the district school system. This is a major obstacle not just to the school system but to the development of the entire region. The effects segregation are deep rooted and not easily resolved. Segregation is a social evil that requires diligent and patient campaign. It adversely affects the education system because when a school is economically segregated and under funded it affects the spending and consequently the quality of a school. This in turn affects the performance. (iii) Personnel This is a countrywide problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to today’s changing world. They do not prepare their students to be adequately prepared for the challenges of today’s world. The superintendent has to ensure that the state mandate is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However one of the actions will be to ensure that the state mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing role of education in today’s world. iv) Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corruption is that those who practice it will always fight back any efforts to stop them. However this problem is put as the fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve. You read "Educational Administration and leadership" in category "Papers" These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent audit committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no funds are misappropriated. The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that concern the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts. Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the budgeting and appropriation of funds does not lie on an individual/person but on a board to take care of this important responsibility. (v) Lack of support from assistants The 3 associates’ superintendents have openly disclosed their diverted interests. The fact that they didn’t get the coveted position makes them not be the best working mates. Their support willingly given would go a long way in ensuring the success of the changes that need to be made. Without it the superintendent’s job becomes more challenging. (vi) Low level of education among parents Parents who have not attended college are less likely to encourage their children to seek further education in colleges. This has led to the small number of students furthering their education after high school and to some extent the low population of students attending high school in the district. (vii) Indiscipline Scholl indiscipline is reported in the schools closest to the metropolitan centre. This is a thorny issue that needs to be urgently addressed since the potential of disrupting learning and aversely affected performance. Solutions Complacency This problem will take a lot of firmness and strength of will on the part of the superintendent. It is not going to be easy to inspire change to the people especially with the three associate superintendents not promising any support. However it can be done through the following steps: – †¢ Laying down the problem of pointing the vision for the future. †¢ Ensuring proper and effective communication with the stakeholders. This will ensure that people own the process or at least understanding why the changes must be made. †¢ Taking firm action in areas of complacency. Ensure that areas are non-compliance with the state mandate and so forth. Personnel This is a countrywide problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to today’s changing world. They do not prepare their students to be adequately prepared for the challenges of today’s world. The superintendent has to ensure that the state mandate is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However one of the actions will be to ensure that the state mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing role of education in today’s world. Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corruption is that those who practice it will always fight back any efforts to stop them. However this problem is put as the fourth priority because it’s slightly easier to resolve. These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent audit committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no funds are misappropriated. The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that concern the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts. Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the budgeting and appropriation of funds doesn’t lie on an individual/ person but forms are board to take care of this important responsibility. QUESTION 2 (i) One of the first personnel decisions the superintendent will make will be to increase the number of staff at the professional development office. This is from understanding that this office plays a crucial role in the district. It is the office charged with the responsibility of managing the school district’s teacher evaluation system. Currently teacher evaluation has not been happening in accordance to the state mandate. One staff member is not able to accomplish all that needs to be done. This office is also charged with the responsibility of giving assistance and support to new teachers. The fact that this office has not been functional in the last many years has affected the orientation process for the new teachers in the district. Having nowhere to turn to they now seek help from principals and other experienced teachers within their schools. These principals and teachers may be too busy or may not be objective in their giving of assistance. This has led to new teachers not being properly oriented. This will in turn affect their future work. Again this department will make it possible to motivate and boost the morale of the new teachers. (ii) Initiate comprehensive staff development program This program will be designed with the view of training teachers and will incorporate improvement plans. The time for planning will be set out in the program and the teachers being trained will be exempted from their normal responsibilities. The superintendent will recommend to the district board the adoption of performance pay policy for school principals who show remarkable performance. This will serve to encourage principals to spur the teacher within their schools to work even harder with their students so that they may improve their performance. This is in accordance to the human resource concept of giving incentives to outstanding performance in order to motivate them. Question 3. A curriculum philosophy refers to a set of values, beliefs and ideologies that guide educational administrators in the execution of their day to day duties. The numerous challenges facing Harmony District School system calls for a superintendent with a focused mind, one who is able to dissect through the problems of the school system and thereafter offer long lasting solutions to the inequities rampant in the area, the lax educational administrators , the dysfunctional teacher support services as well as the dismal performance of the schools , the increasingly agitated parents, the ignorant the ignorant and unsupportive parents all require a superintendent with a strong philosophy. A strong and reproducible curriculum philosophy is not only a guide to the superintendent but also serves as guidance to the whole district school system in dealing with the existing challenges and issues. The superintendent will have to borrow from similar cases in other systems especially from where they are transferring from. Additionally, the superintendent will rely heavily on the almost 30years field experience to deal with the staff as well as the parent body which clearly are not functioning in a manner likely to yield into a synergetic effect. Performance is the greatest challenge for the incoming superintendent. The statistics clearly point to a scenario whereby only very few students make it to the grade level. A comparative. As the new superintendent, the following curriculum if followed would result in the school system regaining new strengths and therefore uplifting the school performance. By emphasizing on non-compromise to quality, the superintendent will ensure that through better management staff, and especially then 253 veterans will use traditional instructional methods and have gone un-inspected for 5 years are inspected and such incidences do not recur in future. Usually such occurrences are caused by laxity on the part of the associate superintendents as well as the superintendent. If such a problem occurs at the superintendent’s office, this can only mean that matters are worse off in the schools. This has a bearing on the motivation of teachers as well as of the students and therefore performance is affected. Specifically, to bring the poor performing schools in the north area feeder system would simply require; adherence to state mandate on inspection and evaluation, addressing the inequality issues such as resources, enough teachers and enough administrators. Integration as a curriculum philosophy calls for amalgamation of the school system into the needs of the students and parents with an aim of ensuring that the schools provide and impart self sustaining education. By achieving the above, the superintendent is able to save the whole school system. The involvement of the local community in all of the above measures is of core importance in that the community is a big stake holder of the school and therefore all measures must get the approval of the community in the sense that it is the community that naturally should benefit from the school system. Currently that is not the case because the school system has ceased to adhere to state mandate rules and regulations. 4) You are to assume that Harmony School District is in a state with precisely the same laws as yours. You are concerned that the student performance data is evidence of inequities in the system and you are concerned that the school district has become complacent with these inequities. What problems presented in this case are related to issues of power and domination? Harmony school district must be made to deal with the rampant cases of inequities. The worst thing is the fact that this inequities currently happening do happen under the watch of the law enforcers. The superintendent is mandated to oversee the whole school system in the district. The law has to some degree protected the marginalized communities from discrimination and unfair treatment but at the same time it has failed to freely address the problem which studies have shown as a major contributor to poor performance in some schools in the Harmony school district. The above mentioned problems can only be addressed through the implementation of the state laws regarding education and which calls for and guarantees equal opportunities in the school system regardless of ones racial background. Although the law has been in place for decades it is evident that, it has not dealt and addresses the problems conclusively and effectively. Therefore there is a need for a more concerted effort towards the protection of the minority groups especially in the African-American community whose entry to grade – level is pathetic and wanting. The other legislation which needs urgent review is the school administration Act which calls for all education officials to be vigilant in making sure that the laxity observed in the school system for the past 5 years is done away with. Specifically, the following issues need urgent attention from the superintendent; Resource allocation is another issue, the fact that there is only one professional development staff is an indicator of neglected and dysfunctional school system. This can only be referred to as lack o human resource and it is a pointer to inequality in the resource distribution in the Harmony schools districts. The fact that, the schools have not had, their classroom buildings repaired for the past 5 years is a further testimony that the system is fully mismanaged and there is inequity in resource allocation. There is a need for equitable resource allocation from the state education department with an aim of ensuring that all schools no matter their locations or the social class have access to equal and adequate learning facilities including all necessary resources such as teachers, staff and materials. Without equitable resource distribution the pertinent issues of poor performance as well as other challenges facing the school system shall continue to haunt the school system and the superintendent in charge. Therefore the funding of the schools in the country need to be looked at afresh with an aim of helping out places like Harmony schools districts which is facing unprecedented challenges. The numerous sit-ins by parents is something which the superintendent needs to be wary about mainly because the trend may lead to general disturbances in the schools further affecting performance. This becomes a reality due to the fact that, if the parents are taking part in sit-ins or strikes then the children may take after them and the situation may further complicates an already complicated situation. The issue of power and domination is evident in the school system. The fact that, the white students perform better than others from other backgrounds is a pointer of power wars in the schools which may imply a dominance by children from well to do parents. Dominance is also evident in the way the parents who work in the nearby town in professional jobs are more active in the affairs of the school and even have seconded representatives to board meetings. This is an indicator that, the above are advantages as compared to their colleagues who do blue-color jobs who do not actively participate in the day to day running o the schools. Finally this is reflected in the performance of students therefore resulting into inequities. 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Introduction Essays (3116 words) - Isotopes Of Carbon, Radioactivity

Introduction The discipline of archaeology can open up the past to us in a way in which we can enter into a dialogue with our ancestors. There are many ways it can do this: stratigraphic excavation, pottery typology, socio-historic interpretation, etc. However, one thread running through this increasingly focused pursuit is that of dating the physical findings to a particular cultural timeline. This is crucial if we are to know, with as much certainty as is allowed, who we are speaking with. Indeed, dating may be the proverbial thread that holds entire pursuit together, without which the individual pieces of the puzzle might be compared to the children of Israel, who the author of Judges describes as each going off in their own direction. Like the king Judges so wistfully imagines, dating brings cohesiveness and direction to a potentially (or real?) chaotic situation. In this paper I will explore the particulars of radiocarbon dating; from its background and origin, to discussion of samples, method, results, and calibration. Background With the explosions of the first atomic bombs echoing in his thoughts, Willard F. Libby, working with A.V. Grosse, Ernest Anderson, and several students, pioneered the work on a theory that natural C14 not only existed, but that it could also be used as a method for dating certain artifacts of antiquity. Working under the premise of his 1946 paper that suggested C14 might exist in all living organisms, a team including Libby and Grosse collected readings from the Baltimore sewer system. It was discovered that methane collected from these sewers contained radiocarbon activity, whereas methane derived from petroleum did not. These findings gave strength to the theory suggested in his paper, but several years of additional research were needed. After their sewer experiments, global samples of wood were gathered in which the researchers discovered a consistent level of radiocarbon deposits. From that point on, the theory developed until it became widely accepted within the scientific com munity, culminating with Libby's acceptance of the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1960. The Origin of C14 Natural C14 is formed in the upper atmosphere when nitrogen reacts with neutrons. Neutrons are produced by cosmic rays bombarding the earth, and are thus dependent upon the level of cosmic ray bombardment, as well as the earth's natural ability to receive the rays from space. The only known deterrent to cosmic ray absorption is the earth's magnetic field. The stronger it is, the less the cosmic rays reach the earth. Once the C14 is produced, it exists in a very small quantity in carbon dioxide, a product of oxygen and carbon. From here, all living organisms take in C14 by either photosynthesis (plant life) or the food chain (breathing life). Since C14 is radioactive, and therefore destructive to life, it is necessary for all organisms to release C14 at basically the same rate they consume it. Those that do not release radioactive carbon as quickly as they absorb it, it is assumed, would not survive as a species. Consequently, in principle, there exists an equilibrium between the leve ls of C14 in the atmosphere and that which exists in all living organisms. When an organism ceases to live, it ceases also to take in C14, and the rate of release (radioactive decay) can then be measured and compared to values pertaining to the half-life of the isotope. At present, the best estimate for the half life of C14 is 5730! 40 years, thus making it an almost ideal determinant to archaeologists, and in particular archaeologists concerned with excavations in the middle east. Samples Because of the very nature of radiocarbon dating, the ideal sample pool is limited. Preferably the sample is organic in composition, and is free of any contamination, such as exposure to other organic material that would skew the readings. This is particularly important in terms of packing and shipping the sample to a radiocarbon laboratory. Below is a list of some potential samples and concerns for each. Charcoal and Wood are predominant among samples found at archaeological sites. Both are preferred because there is little chance of contamination. However, the possibility of underground water causing a change in C14 saturation needs to be considered with the charcoal. And, while not considered contamination per se, precut growth

Enzyme Biochemistry - What They Are and How They Work

Enzyme Biochemistry - What They Are and How They Work An enzyme is defined as a macromolecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction. In this type of chemical reaction, the starting molecules are called substrates. The enzyme interacts with a substrate, converting it into a new product. Most enzymes are named by combining the name of the substrate with the -ase suffix (e.g., protease, urease). Nearly all metabolic reactions inside the body rely on enzymes in order to make the reactions proceed quickly enough to be useful. Chemicals called activators can enhance enzyme activity, while inhibitors decrease enzyme activity. The study of enzymes is termed enzymology. There are six broad categories used to classify enzymes: Oxidoreductases - involved in electron transferHydrolases - cleave the substrate by hydrolysis (uptaking a water molecule)Isomerases - transfer a group in a molecule to form an isomerLigases (or synthetases) - couple the breakdown of a pyrophosphate bond in a nucleotide to the formation of new chemical bondsOxidoreductases - act in electron transferTransferases - transfer a chemical group from one molecule to another How Enzymes Work Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to make a chemical reaction occur. Like other catalysts, enzymes change the equilibrium of a reaction, but they arent consumed in the process. While most catalysts can act on a number of different types of reactions, a key feature of an enzyme is that it is specific. In other words, an enzyme that catalyzes one reaction wont have any effect on a different reaction. Most enzymes are globular proteins that are much larger than the substrate with which they interact. They range in size from 62 amino acids to more than 2,500 amino acid residues, but only a portion of their structure is involved in catalysis. The enzyme has what is called an active site, which contains one or more binding sites that orient the substrate in the correct configuration, and also a catalytic site, which is the part of the molecule that lowers activation energy. The remainder of an enzymes structure acts primarily to present the active site to the substrate in the best way. There may also be allosteric site, where an activator or inhibitor can bind to cause a conformation change that affects the enzyme activity. Some enzymes require an additional chemical, called a cofactor, for catalysis to occur. The cofactor could be a metal ion or an organic molecule, such as a vitamin. Cofactors may bind loosely or tightly to enzymes. Tightly-bound cofactors are called prosthetic groups. Two explanations of how enzymes interact with substrates are the lock and key model, proposed by Emil Fischer in 1894, and the induced fit model, which is a modification of the lock and key model that was proposed by Daniel Koshland in 1958. In the lock and key model, the enzyme and the substrate have three-dimensional shapes that fit each other. The induced fit model proposes enzyme molecules can change their shape, depending on the interaction with the substrate. In this model, the enzyme and sometimes the substrate change shape as they interact until the active site is fully bound. Examples of Enzymes Over 5,000 biochemical reactions are known to be catalyzed by enzymes. The molecules are also used in industry and household products. Enzymes are used to brew beer and to make wine and cheese. Enzyme deficiencies are associated with some diseases, such as phenylketonuria and albinism. Here are a few examples of common enzymes: Amylase in saliva catalyzes the initial digestion of carbohydrates in food.Papain is a common enzyme found in meat tenderizer, where it acts to break the bonds holding protein molecules together.Enzymes are found in laundry detergent and stain removers to help break up protein stains and dissolve oils on fabrics.DNA polymerase catalyzes a reaction when DNA is being copied and then checks to make sure the correct bases are being used. Are All Enzymes Proteins? Nearly all known enzymes are proteins. At one time, it was believed all enzymes were proteins, but certain nucleic acids, called catalytic RNAs or ribozymes, have been discovered that have catalytic properties. Most of the time students study enzymes, they are really studying protein-based enzymes, since very little is known about how RNA can act as a catalyst.

Rufus Stokes Profile Inventions

Rufus Stokes Profile Inventions Rufus Stokes was an inventor born in Alabama in 1924. He later moved to Illinois, where he worked as a machinist for an incinerator company. Rufus Stokes Air-Purification Device In 1968, Rufus Stokes was granted a patent on an air-purification device to reduce the gas and ash emissions of furnace and power plant smokestack emissions. The filtered output from the stacks became almost transparent. Stokes tested and demonstrated several models of stack filters, termed the clean air machine, in Chicago and elsewhere to show its versatility. Benefits of Rufus Stokes Invention The system benefited the respiratory health of people, but also eased the health risks to plants and animals. A side-benefit of reduced industrial stack emissions was the improved appearance and durability of buildings, cars, and objects exposed to outdoor pollution for lengthy periods. Patents Issued to Rufus Stokes #3,378,24 issued on 14/16/1968 for an exhaust purifier#3,520,113 issued on 7/14/1970 for an air pollution control device (shown in photo above)

An Action Plan For Student Survival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An Action Plan For Student Survival - Essay Example When using these search engines, the information you get will be based on a keyword or phrase. It's vital to choose appropriate words and phrases that relate closely to your research. When doing research on how the expense of college deters student enrollment, the phrase "college costs" would return several appropriate articles. Searching library resources is very similar to an Internet search, but you have databases with a wide range of magazines, newspaper articles, and academic journals available. These sources are often higher quality and have greater academic credibility than typical websites. It's important to consider your source when searching to give your research the integrity that's needed. If a paper is being done on water pollution, information from a peer reviewed journal will be more reliable than information from an anonymous website called "I_hate_chemicals.com". Library resources are the most valuable tools that students have. In the world of Academics, there is nothing more important than honesty and integrity. It goes beyond the obvious incidents of cheating on a test with crib sheets, or writing a halfhearted report based on a condensed version of a book. Integrity requires regular attendance and timely completion of the assignments. It demands that you treat your courses with the level of respect that they deserve. Your college degree will be a voucher to people in the academic world that you have successfully completed the work, can be relied on to be informed, and that you have gained your GPA honestly. A major breach of honesty is plagiarism. Plagiarism is the copying someone else's words, research, or ideas and portraying them as your original work. It is one of the most serious infractions a student can make during their college experience, and can result in punishment that ranges from failing the course to possible expulsion (Plagiarism). Academic researching and reporting is a process of building new ideas on work that has previously been done by others. It depends on the information being accurate and not based on fake data. It is also built on the tradition of giving credit to the original creator of the ideas that we borrow. Almost all research and papers will be built on someone else's previous work and ideas, and it's vital that they receive adequate credit. While an Internet "cut and paste" paper may be the most glaring example of plagiarism, improper citations are the most numerous. Often, this is done because the student does not have the proper information on when and how to give credit. Whether we are using previously published statistics or paraphrasing a unique idea, it's necessary to give proper credit to the original author. This is done with conventional citation formats such as APA and MLA. These associations have manuals that outline not only how to write a proper citation, but also when to cite the original source. Spending time reading these guides and getting familiar with the requirements of academic writing will help insure that the school's policy of plagiarism is not violated and prevent what might otherwise be an innocent transgression of academic honesty. Developing Effective Study

Write a critique of an article of your choice.(optional topic) Essay

Write a critique of an article of your choice.(optional topic) - Essay Example The article gives them the knowledge of a child’s character and how they may see what they read in the stories they choose. The professionals will be able to see how ideas that they have fit into social contexts of the people around them.(Bosmajian,2005,p103) Children’s literature is a field that assumptions will have to be made to understand what the child thinks about their collective and personal values and issues they have. The article is about ‘the implied reader’ and how what they read tells us each a different idea of what is read. It is all in how we look at what is around us and the choices we make and interpret to bring meaning. (Bosmajian, 2005, p. 103) In summary this article is about how children’s literature can be used by professionals to help children find out about themselves through what they read. The readers will learn what makes them learn what they see and use that learning as they grow. According to Freud, â€Å"he saw that this is a therapeutic release for the author and a critical relationship between child and play and poet and language.† (Bosmajian, 2005, p.104) Freud also thought that desires and what society wants is a conflict and that we must make substitutions and make displacements and still be able to take our ideas and make one image to tell about ourselves. Jung thought â€Å"it is a therapeutic process that begins with recognition of the loss of original wholeness due to self-inflation or alienation of the ego.† (Bosmajian, 2005, p. 105) It is about the connections that we make between what we read and see that we make our choices known. Horney, Abraham, Klein, Winnicott and Lacan believe in Ego Psychology and object relations themes. They believe that we all need to self actualize ourselves to improve our identities through language and what we read. Lacan also

Misunderstandings :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thus far this semester, we have learned of how language functions as a whole on society, but Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll be doing something a little different. Let me start off with a question. Who here has gotten into a fight with their significant other or just a friend of the opposite sex over a misunderstanding, misinterpretation, or feel that they are just speaking another language and you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand them?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This so-called phenomenon is best described by the metaphor of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"men are from mars and women are from venusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why we speak different languages. We donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really come from different planets, but we are very different in our communication styles. Our expression of language is affected by our sex and gender. This is epitomized by the ever so popular clichÃÆ' © of, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t understand women/men.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? And this clichÃÆ' © was verified by your answers to the question I just posed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While the most obvious function of language is to communicate information, language also contributes to at least two other equally important, but less often recognized, functions: (1) to establish and maintain social relationships, and (2) to express and create the social identity of the speaker. In my paper I will attempt to verify how language is affected by sex and gender. My primary focus will be on Deborah Tannenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work on understanding women and men in conversation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tannen discusses many disparities in language caused by gender such as men often seeking straightforward solutions to problems and useful advice whereas women tend to try and establish intimacy by discussing problems and showing concern and empathy in order to reinforce relationships. Female subculture uses language to build equal relationships, while male subculture uses language to build hierarchical relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If conforming to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis that language shapes the way we see the world, language allows people to pass on ideas influencing the younger generation. The gender identity that accompanies our sex is predetermined by our parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perception of sex and gender. Typically, little girls are raised to be sensitive and soft and to express their feelings, but boys are asked to be tough and detached from their emotions. Take for example a boy and a girl who play together and both fall down. Typically, the girl would be allowed to cry and will be picked up and taken care of while the little boy would be asked to stop crying and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"suck it up.

Assignment Essay

Answer each question thoroughly and completely. Each question is worth up to 5 points, and the complete assignment is worth up to 30 points. 1. The first task will be to introduce yourself and let me know what your background is in music and online learning. Give your name, if you play (or have played) an instrument or sing, and if you’ve ever taken an online class. Answer: My name is Huy Huynh and this is the third year of me in Golden West College. I have not had a chance to take choir nor any music-related classes before so my knowledge about music is not as wise, but I really like to listen to music and I’d love to know more and learn about the development of music. I have taken online classes before and I know that it requires self-study, self-discipline and independence more than on-campus courses. 2. Explain why you have decided to take Music Appreciation online, and what two things you would like to get out of this class by the end of the course (besides a good grade). Answer: I have decided to take Music Apprecation online because I am curious about how has music developed and how are the music in the past and present different. By the end of the course, the two things I would like to get out of this class with are the knowledge and an understanding of music in the past centuries. 3. Part One in the book discusses the elements of music, including musical form. Find a song that you like that utilizes binary, ternary, or call and response form. Make sure you indicate the song title, artist, and how the song matches one of those forms. Answer: Twinkle Twinkle by Jane Taylor is the song that I have thought of at this  moment in which I think is Ternary form because it extends the idea of how shiny and mysterious the stars are in the little kids’ eyes and departure by bringing back the first section. 4. After reading and listening to the examples in the first few chapters, you have hopefully gained a little better understanding of pitch, range, and tone with instruments and voices. Describe the many varieties of musical sounds possible from the human voice. Be sure to consider issues such as range, social function, historical period, and regional styles when constructing your answer. Answer: Falsetto: is the lightest register and requires loose vocal cords and incomplete closure which produces a breathy voice that can sound quite feminine although it is generally used by men rather than women. Falsetto is a higher range than the head voice; it relies on completely relaxed vocal folds and may sound breathy. Imagine the Bee Gees singing â€Å"Stayin’ Alive†, or Terry Jones playing an old woman in Monty Python; that is the sound of the falsetto voice. It is generally more obvious in men using it, but women, in the higher voices, usually use falsetto voice adjustments. It is a difficult register to sing accurately in, and it tends to be rather soft, except when there is amplification through resonance by a well-tuned vocal tract. It also requires an uncomfortable muscle effort for many men. It is a quite distinct range from the head voice, and generally when singers describe their range they exclude the falsetto voice. Falsetto is a singing technique that produces sounds pitched higher than the singer’s normal range. Falsetto can also mean an artificially raised speaking pitch. This often occurs momentarily if repeatedly in males during puberty for psychosocial reasons. The break between voice registers, audible or not, is called the passaggio. The falsetto register is used by male countertenors to approximate the register in classical voice that previously employed castrati, in pieces written before castratism became socially unacceptable and eventually universally outlawed. It is also used by many male rock and roll singers such as Jon Anderson of Yes, King Diamond of Mercyful Fate, Justin Hawkins of the Darkness and the solo artist David Usher to produce their over-the-top soaring vocals. Many people consider women, because of physical differences from males, to not have or be capable of falsetto. However, many female singers, such as Mariah Carey, do employ falsetto to extend their range. Whistle: The physiology of the whistle register is the most poorly understood of the vocal registers. It is known that when producing pitches in this register vibration occurs only in some anterior portion of the vocal folds. This shorter vibrating length naturally allows for easier production of high pitches. The physiological process that causes this is not currently known. Though the whistle register is most commonly used to produce pitches above E6, it can be used to produce lower pitches. By the physiological definition just detailed, it is a configuration of the vocal folds and not a range of pitches. There is, however, no universally agreed upon scheme for classifying vocal registers, so it is common to see other definitions. See the article on vocal registration for a discussion. In the European classical music, the whistle register is only rarely called for. When it is, it is exclusively used by coloratura sopranos to produce pitches above C6. Probably the most well-known example of the whistle register in European classical music is the aria â€Å"Der Hà ¶lle Rache kocht in meinem Herzen† from the opera Die Zauberflà ¶te; it calls for several pitches above C6, up to F6. In the popular music of the West, the whistle register is used more often than in its classical music. It is used with more variety and to produce  much higher pitches than are called for in classical music. It is most often used by females – its best known exponent almost certainly being Mariah Carey – though there are a few male singers who use it. See the category â€Å"Whistle register singers† (linked below) for a more comprehensive list and individual singers’ articles for more detail. There are also non-musical uses of the whistle register. Famously, a properly pitched whistle register tone can shatter glass. It is also common for children of all sexes and for young women to shriek loudly in a way that sounds much like the whistle register, though it is unknown whether the physiological mechanism is in fact the same. Yodeling: (or Yodelling) is a form of singing that involves rapidly switching from the â€Å"chest voice† to the â€Å"head voice† making a high-low-high-low sound. This vocal technique is found in many cultures throughout the world. In Swiss folk music, it was probably developed in the Swiss Alps as a method of communication between mountain peaks, and it later became a part of the traditional music of the region. In Persian and Azeri Classical musics, singers frequently use tahrir, a yodeling technique that oscillates on neighbor tones. In Georgian traditional music, yodelling takes the form of krimanchuli technique. In Central Africa, Pygmy singers use yodels within their elaborate polyphonic singing. Yodeling is often used in American bluegrass and country music. To yodel, one sings a scale continuously upwards, until one’s voice â€Å"breaks† (switches octaves) into one’s â€Å"head voice† (also known as falsetto in men). This point is one’s â€Å"voice break†. Then one must go back down a note, and up again, over the voice break. This is done repeatedly at a loud volume. 5. Choose four musical instruments, each instrument representing one of the four families of instruments. Describe the physical appearance and how sound is produced for each instrument, and what the most common use of each instrument is in music. Answer: Four musical instruments : Trumpet: brass wind musical instrument of part cylindrical, part conical bore, in the shape of a flattened loop and having three piston valves to regulate the pitch. Its origin is ancient; records of a type of simple valveless trumpet are found in China from as early as 2000 B.C., and it is mentioned in the Bible and in Greek and Roman history. It attained its present shape early in the 15th cent., at which time it became an important ceremonial instrument. It was used in the opera orchestra as early as Monteverdi’s Orfeo (1607) and became a standard orchestral instrument later in the century. At this time the trumpet lacked valves, and a highly developed technique existed for playing in the upper register of the instrument, where a complete diatonic scale was available. The trumpet parts of Bach and Handel were written for such a style. Later in the 18th cent. this bright quality was not desired, and the trumpet was used more in its lower register. The instrument will accept a mute, used to repress some of its stridency. Crooks, additional lengths of tubing, were added to the natural trumpet to allow the adjustment of pitch. This was a fairly clumsy method, however, and was superseded in the early 19th cent., when valves were added. A transposing instrument, it is now most often in B flat. A bass trumpet in C was first called for by Wagner. The trumpet is an important member of most dance and jazz bands. Drum: in music, percussion instrument, known in various forms and played throughout the world and throughout history. Essentially a drum is a frame over which one or more membranes or skins are stretched. The frame is usually cylindrical or conical, but it comes in many other shapes. It acts as a resonator when the membrane is struck by the hand or by an implement, usually a stick or a whisk. The variety of tone and the volume of sound from a drum depend on the area, tension, and material of the membrane that is struck and, more particularly, on the skill of the player. The rhythmic effects of drum playing can be exceedingly complex, especially the intricate polyrhythmic arrangements of Asian and African cultures. The modern orchestra may have as many as five drums under one player, allowing an impressive range of tones. In Western music the kettledrum is of special importance. A metal bowl with a membrane stretched over the open side, it is the only drum that can be tuned to a  definite pitch. It originated in Persia and spread throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe; it was later adapted into orchestral music. The kettledrum was formerly tuned by hand screws placed around the edge; now it can be tuned by a pedal mechanism. The bass drum, especially popular in military bands, is a huge wooden cylinder with a drumhead (membrane) on both ends. The snare drum (sometimes called the side drum) also has a drumhead at either end; across one end are stretched gut strings wound with wire. These strings rattle when the other end of the drum is beaten. The tenor drum is primarily used in military bands and is normally played with small felt sticks. The tambourine, known from Roman times, is a single-headed small drum, usually with jingles attached to the frame; it is shaken and struck by hand. Violin: family of stringed musical instruments having wooden bodies whose backs and fronts are slightly convex, the fronts pierced by two &florin;-shaped resonance holes. The instruments of the violin family have been the dominant bowed instruments because of their versatility, brilliance, and balance of tone, and their wide dynamic range. A variety of sounds may be produced, e.g., by different types of bowing or by plucking the string (see pizzicato). The violin has always been the most important member of the family, from the beginning being the principal orchestral instrument and holding an equivalent position in chamber music and as a solo instrument. The technique of the violin was developed much earlier than that of the viola or cello. The double bass is not a violin but a viol. Flute: in music, generic term for such wind instruments as the fife, the flageolet, the panpipes, the piccolo, and the recorder. The tone of all flutes is produced by an airstream directed against an edge, producing eddies that set up vibrations in the air enclosed in the attached tube. In the transverse flute, the principal orchestral flute today, the edge is on the mouth hole on the side of the instrument, over which the player blows. The oldest known archaeological remains of any musical instrument are those of flutes carved of bone and ivory that were found in SW Germany and are at least 42,000 years old. The oldest complete, playable flute is a nearly 9,000-year-old bone flute that was found in E central China. The transverse flute is also an extremely old instrument, universal in ancient and primitive cultures; it was known in Europe by the 9th cent. During the baroque period both the recorder and the transverse flute were used in the orchestra, the latter by Lully in 1672. In the classical period the transverse flute displaced the less-powerful recorder, which could not match its dynamic range. In the 19th cent. the transverse flute assumed substantially its present form after the improvements of Theobald Boehm (1794–1881), who ascertained the acoustically correct size and placement of the holes and devised an ingenious system of keys to cover them. The flute was originally made of wood but is now most often of silver. It is the most brilliant and agile of the orchestral woodwinds, and it also has a considerable solo and chamber-music literature. The transverse flute has been made in several keys, but the C flute has long been standard. The alto flute in G, a fourth below the regular flute, is notated as a transposing instrument. 6. This is an activity question. For 1/2 to 1 hour this week, you are to pay attention and write down the music you hear; watch TV for one show or go to the mall for a little while and walk around to listen to all the music. Notice how much music is a part of EVERYTHING we do. Now, after you’ve written down what you heard, provide a detailed summary of what you found out. Do you notice a pattern of aggressive music if you are watching a sporting event (even in the commercials)? Is there a lot of percussion and brass, electronic sounds, or? Was there any pattern at all, or just random? Write about what you heard. Answer: While I was walking in a mall and listened to the music in the shopping stores, I almost forgot what was I supposed to do and walked straight to the stores in which I think that music can attract customers by bringing lively engery to them. Yes, I do notice a pattern of aggressive music when I am watching a sporting event. There is a lot of percussion in which people play drums, bells, and brasses are almost every where to cheer up their teams. I heard people are just playing percussion and brass in random to brighten the atsmosphere and inspirit their teams’ motivation.

Sex-Role Stereotyping Essay - 835 Words

In any culture, ideas of masculinity and femininity influence societal expectations. While these expectations are not inescapable, the new generation takes its cues from older generations, and thus, any change in them is slow. Few would argue that some differences do exist between men and women. However, are these differences significant enough to perpetuate male and female stereotypes? More importantly, do such stereotypes serve any benefit to an individual or culture? Jeanne Humphrey Block, author of Conceptions of Sex Role- Some Cross Cultural and Longitudinal Perspectives, uses the term â€Å"sex role† to describe the set of characteristics that define and differentiate men and women. This role is a â€Å"synthesis of biological and†¦show more content†¦These results imply to Block that sex roles from less civilized times are outdated and do not benefit either men or women when adhered to rigidly. Sandra Bem goes a step further in the gender role debate by suggesting such roles be thrown out entirely; they are essentially self-fulfilling prophecies. In her article, Gender Schema Theory: A cognitive account of sex-typing, she defines â€Å"sex typing† as the process of encouraging sex-specific skills, self-concepts and personality traits to males and females; i.e. how men become masculine and women become feminine. Sex typing has significant psychological effects on the individual and their development. Furthermore, Bem believes that the evolving gender schema effects how the individual interprets and assimilates new information. Several studies were conducted to test the sex schema theory including having test subjects, male and female, rate how well certain attributes described them. Not apparent to the rater was that 20 of the attributes reflected culturally masculine characteristics while 20 more reflected feminine characteristics. 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